He and his brother James fished in the Sea of Galilee with their father Zebedee. John held an authoritative position in the early church, shown by his visit with St. Peter to Samaria to lay hands on new converts. However, Eusebius mentions that the consensus is that the second and third epistles of John are not his but were written by some other John. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [75] Other common attributes include a book or scroll, in reference to the writings traditionally attributed to him, and an eagle,[77] which is argued to symbolize the high-soaring, inspirational quality of these writings. [33][42][43], According to the Book of Revelation, its author was on the island of Patmos "for the word of God and for the testimony of Jesus", when he was honoured with the vision contained in Revelation.[Rev. Another popular tradition, known to St. Augustine, declared that the earth over John’s grave heaved as if the apostle were still breathing. During the 7th century this scene was portrayed in the Lateran basilica and located in Rome by the Latin Gate, and the miracle is still celebrated in some traditions. In Against Heresies, Irenaeus relates how Polycarp told a story of, John, the disciple of the Lord, going to bathe at Ephesus, and perceiving Cerinthus within, rushed out of the bath-house without bathing, exclaiming, "Let us fly, lest even the bath-house fall down, because Cerinthus, the enemy of the truth, is within. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The feast day of Saint John in the Roman Catholic Church, which calls him "Saint John, Apostle and Evangelist", and in the Anglican Communion and Lutheran Calendars, which call him "Saint John the Apostle and Evangelist", is on 27 December. His mother was among those women who ministered to the circle of disciples. The original community was under the leadership of Apollos (1 Corinthians 1:12). Until the 19th century, the authorship of the Gospel of John had been attributed to the Apostle John. James and John were called Boanerges, or “sons of thunder,” by Jesus, perhaps because of some character trait such as the zeal exemplified in Mark 9:38 and Luke 9:54, when John and James wanted to call down fire from heaven to punish the Samaritan towns that did not accept Jesus. What we have are legends.”. 28:6; Ether 4:16; D&C 7; 27:12; 61:14; 77; 88:141). [51] These scholars assert that John of Patmos wrote Revelation but neither the Gospel of John nor the Epistles of John. Prophet's Sirah by Ibn Hisham, Chapter: Sending messengers of Allah's Messenger to kings, p.870, Musnad el Imam Ahmad Volume 4, Publisher: Dar al Fikr, p.72, Hadith#17225, Jadranka Prolović, "Socrates and St. John the Apostle: the interchangеable similarity of their portraits", The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources, Saint John the Apostle, patron saint archive, "John 19 Commentary - William Barclay's Daily Study Bible", "John, The Apostle - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia", "Fonck, Leopold. The Church Fathers identify him as John the Evangelist, John of Patmos, John the Elder and the Beloved Disciple, and testify that he outlived the remaining apostles and that he was the only one to die of natural causes. Jesus answers, "If I want him to remain until I come, what is that to you? John and his brother St. James were among the first disciples called by Jesus. [75], In Medieval and through to Renaissance works of painting, sculpture and literature, Saint John is often presented in an androgynous or femininized manner (shoulder-length hair and beardless). [57], An alternative account of John's death, ascribed by later Christian writers to the early second-century bishop Papias of Hierapolis, claims that he was slain by the Jews. [57] John's traditional tomb is thought to be located in the former basilica of Saint John at Selçuk, a small town in the vicinity of Ephesus. [14] John was the disciple who reported to Jesus that they had 'forbidden' a non-disciple from casting out demons in Jesus' name, prompting Jesus to state that 'he who is not against us is on our side'. Regius Professor Emeritus of Divinity, University of Cambridge; Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1987–93. Vol. [22] The Gospel according to John differs considerably from the Synoptic Gospels, which were likely written decades earlier. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox.
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