Paul Berg was awarded the 1980 Nobel Prize in Chemistry “for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA”. The goal of such experiments is to determine gene function by analyzing the consequences of the missing gene. Notably, they also produced bacteria that contained genes from the toad Xenopus laevis , which showed DNA from very different species could be spliced together. Together they introduced an antibiotic resistance gene into E.coli bacteria. We may be able to make plants and animals which can withstand harsh conditions and flourish. Most people are familiar with reproductive cloning, which will produce an organism with the exact genetic information of one that already exists. The first recombinant DNA molecule was produced in 1972 by Stanford researcher Paul Berg. What are the Pros and Cons of DNA Cloning. Education is our Motivation, Ethical, Legal and Social Implications (ELSI) Research, Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA). If we can truly understand the building blocks of life, perhaps we can design life for ourselves, maybe even making planets habitable one day. Genetics Generation is committed to providing impartial and clear information that is engaging and accessible so that everyone can build a strong foundation for informed decision making. In such cases, it would be like the plant had a built-in insecticide or repellent, reducing the need for humans to handle harmful chemicals. Using recombinant DNA technology for therapeutic cloning purposes holds a great deal of potential benefit. Recombinant DNA technology is used in a wide range of applications from vaccine production to the production of genetically engineered crops. Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons. Recombinant DNA Technology. The gene that produces Bt toxin is introduced into such plants by recombinant DNA technology, and results in the selective killing of crop-feeding insects. Therapeutic cloning is used to reproduce certain tissues or organs, not an entire organism. It will be interesting to see how the scientific community deals with these questions. Dolly, a sheep, was the first mammal to ever be reproduced as an exact genetic copy. I agree that recombinant DNA technology has a lot of potentially beneficial uses, such as positive effects on crops. The production of recombinant DNA involves cutting two different pieces of DNA with the same restriction enzyme and then ligating (“glueing”) the pieces together. Berg joined together DNA fragments from two different viruses with the help of particular enzymes: restriction enzymes and ligase. The Bt gene is derived from a bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis and produces a toxin that disrupts gut function in the larvae (caterpillars) of certain insects that are crop pests. This would likely help reduce the rejection of organs that sometimes happens when a tissue transplant is performed. In Biology, What Is a Consensus Sequence? All organisms on Earth evolved from a common ancestor, so all organisms use DNA as their molecule of heredity. CLICK HERE to learn more about cloning, CLICK HERE for a case study that addresses one of the biosafety concerns of recombinant DNA technology. If a heart is damaged, it could even be replicated using this technology. Restriction enzymes (such as EcoR1 in the figure below) are like “molecular scissors” that cut DNA at specific sequences. However there are a lot of ethical issues that need to be taken into consideration too, such as the uniqueness of life, as the article mentioned. What is you all's opinion on the matter? If the DNA from the different sources is cut with the same restriction enzyme, the cut ends can be joined together and then sealed into a continuous DNA strand by the enzyme ligase. It may help make crops more resistant to heat and drought, and it may even be used to create plants with genes that repel harmful insects. Things like this should be highly regulated to avoid destroying the very thing which we want to protect.
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