Cooper, G.W. B-86. Coastal Vesper Sparrow Population Monitoring at the Nanaimo Airport, Cassidy, B.C. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the sand-verbena moth Copablepharon fuscum in Canada. In the Fraser Valley, patches of suitable habitat in agricultural land may now be too small to support Streaked Horned Lark, so the potential breeding range is likely limited to sparsely vegetated coastal dune and meadow habitats elsewhere in the Lower Mainland and southeastern Vancouver Island areas (Environment and Climate Change Canada 2016). New philosophies, concerns and conservation challenges. Media Contact: Jordan Rutter, Director of Public Relations, 202-888-7472 | jerutter@abcbirds.org Expert Contacts: Steve Holmer, American Bird Conservancy, Vice President of Policy, Phone: 202-888-7490 | Email: sholmer@abcbirds.org Derek Goldman, Endangered Species Coalition, Northern Rockies … As a regional rarity, it is sought by birders and sightings tend to be recorded in eBird and BCVIBird Yahoo Group (which functions as a rare bird alert on Vancouver Island and the Lower Mainland); such local observations are generally credible for this taxon because to be publicly posted in eBird, rare bird sightings must be documented and verified. Rich, and D.S. Very little is known about the ecology of Streaked Horned Lark in British Columbia, therefore most of the following is inferred from studies done on this subspecies in the US parts of its range, or other subspecies elsewhere in the species’ range. The population was described as “small” and is said to have “persisted in farmland and prairie areas of the Fraser River delta” from the late 1920s through the next 30 years, although precise population estimates are not available (Campbell et al. Oregon is home to an enormous diversity of wildlife species. (2011) found a mean clutch size of 3.05 (Western Washington; n = 135 clutches; 95% CIs 2.93, 3.17). Historically, the population was probably small; Campbell et al. This area could contain suitable habitat, but only if fields are mowed short prior to the nesting season (i.e., when mowing will not disturb birds). The streaked horned lark is endemic to the Pacific Northwest, and is a subspecies of the wide-ranging horned lark. 2012). The loss of native terrestrial habitats in the region over the past 150 years, due to modifications following European settlement, has been estimated at between 80% (Ward et al. The current range of the streaked horned lark can be divided in to three regions: (1) the Puget lowlands in Washington, (2) the Washington coast and northern Oregon coast, and the lower Columbia River (including islands and dredge spoil deposition sites west of Portland, Oregon), and (3) the Willamette Valley in Oregon. On Vancouver Island and the Lower Mainland, sandy beach and dune habitats have been drastically altered since the arrival of Europeans and large-scale timber extraction, leading to changes in the amount and type of woody material deposited on beaches. Beckwith, and C.Y. Cover illustration/photo: Streaked Horned Lark — Photo by Randall Moore. Thermal aspects of nest-site location for Vesper Sparrows and Horned Larks in British Columbia. 1993). Probability of extinction in the wild is at least [20% within 20 years or 5 generations, or 10% within 100 years]: Not done, but population already likely at 0 breeding birds in Canada. The largest known populations of streaked horned larks are found at the Corvallis Municipal Airport (Corvallis, Oregon), the Olympia Regional Airport (Olympia, Washington), and at Joint Base Lewis-McChord in Washington. 1997). 2006. Vol. 1860. Canadian Wildlife Service, Delta, British Columbia. Keren, I.N., and S.F. Survey protocols and strategies for assessing streaked horned lark site occupancy status, population abundance, and trends. 595 pp. pp. He worked for 15 years as the Curator of the Cowan Vertebrate Museum in the Department of Zoology at the University of British Columbia. The Oregon Fish and Wildlife Office works with many threatened and endangered species. 285 pp. This work is described in detail in some of the references cited in this status report (e.g., Camfield et al. Preparing Eden: Aboriginal land use and European settlement. 2016). COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. Their results (λ = 0.62 ± 0.10, 95% CIs 0.47, 0.79) indicate that this population is declining rapidly, with the decline apparently the result of both low fecundity and low adult survival (0.51 ± 0.06, n = 58; Camfield et al. Historically, the streaked horned lark’s breeding range extended from southern British Columbia, Canada, south through the Puget lowlands and outer coast of Washington, along the lower Columbia River, through the Willamette Valley, the Oregon coast and into the Umpqua and Rogue River Valleys of southwestern Oregon. An interagency group, the Streaked Horned Lark Working Group, has been active for over 10 years; the working group includes research biologists, federal, state and local government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and industry groups. Conservation of grassland birds in an urbanizing landscape: a historical perspective. Kantrud, H.A. COSEWIC: Designated Endangered in November 2003. British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Victoria, British Columbia. Streaked horned lark Eremophila alpestris strigata has distinct mitochondrial DNA. Fish and Wildlife Service. Maslovat. 1999. 2017. Wildlife Science Division, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington. [accessed September 2017]. Horned Lark in Davidson, P.J.A., R.J. Cannings, A.R. Auk 23:138-148. In 1978, COSEWIC designated its first species and produced its first list of Canadian species at risk. The birds of British Columbia. A few former breeding sites are located within regional parks on Sea Island and Iona Island in Greater Vancouver. Populations from coastal British Columbia probably moved south in autumn to join permanent residents in southern Washington and Oregon or may have moved as far as California (American Ornithologists’ Union 1957), but a few birds evidently overwintered based on winter (January) specimen records from the Fraser delta (Munro and Cowan 1947). Pearson, S.F., M. Linders, I. Keren, H. Anderson, R. Moore, G. Slater, and A. Kreager. 2008). 2008. In 2002 a single male was observed giving flight songs at the Nanaimo airport (Beauchesne 2002); however, a mate was not located, nor was a nest found in approximately 16 hours of search time at the site (COSEWIC 2003b). The index of area of occupancy, as with EOO, is presently 0 km2. Streaked horned larks are found at many airports within the range of the subspecies; as native prairies and scoured river beaches in the Pacific Northwest have declined, airports, with their large area requirements and treeless settings, have become magnets for streaked horned larks. 1997). The streaked horned lark is endemic to the Pacific Northwest, and is a subspecies of the wide-ranging horned lark. Nests on islands in the lower Fraser River were under scattered dune plants growing between the water’s edge and the thicker plant growth higher above the waterline (Poynter 1959; Butler and Campbell 1987; Campbell et al. Factors associated with small population size are likely affecting Streaked Horned Lark in Washington and Oregon. Baicich, P.J., and C.J.O. Continuing development pressures will likely fragment and isolate most remaining habitat. comm. Because of its extreme rarity in Canada, Streaked Horned Lark is not well covered by standard bird monitoring efforts such as the Breeding Bird Survey. The male typically arrives on the breeding ground first and establishes a breeding territory. Historical Garry Oak Ecosystems of Greater Victoria and Saanich Peninsula (PDF). Dawe, N., pers. There are no known locations for Streaked Horned Lark in Canada at present; a nest has not been found in Canada since 1978. 2014. As with many other grassland bird species, the nestling period is short and young fledge when they can walk but before they can fly (Beason 1995). Continuing development pressures will, in the future, likely eliminate most of the remaining potentially suitable habitat. Stangel (eds.). Additional ad hoc searches were made by birders employed by the Vancouver Airport, who watched for larks and other species of interest while carrying out daily wildlife control operations at the airport throughout 2014 (Gotz pers. Incubation is only 11 days and the young are able to fly within 9 to 12 days after hatching. Camfield et al. 2011 Field Season. 1997. 2nd edition. 2017). In the lower Fraser River valley, birds were first collected in the late 1890s, near Sumas Lake. Kaiser, M.C.E. USDA Forest Services General Technical Report RM-229. A demographic model to evaluate population declines in the endangered Streaked Horned Lark. It may historically have been most numerous when there were larger areas of grassland on southern Vancouver Island and the lower mainland prior to the cessation of First Nations agricultural burning; more recently, populations may have peaked again in the 1920s and 1930s in response to an increase in farmland habitat, then declined through the 1970s. Altman, B. Weber, W. 1968b. Targeted surveys for this species have been conducted periodically since 2002, in addition to targeted surveys for Coastal Vesper Sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus affinis) that were designed to incidentally record Streaked Horned Lark.
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