Moderate spatial dependence was attributed to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors [40]. Subscription will auto renew annually. Intern Potash Inst, Bern. Hailu Shiferaw contributed to mapping. Mengel K and Kirby EA (1982) Principles of plant nutrition. The magnitude of spatial dependence of soil variables was estimated from the ratio of nugget to sill (C0/(C + C0)) [33]. To determine nutrient status, a variety of K–Mg thresholds have been reported by different authors in different soils (e.g. Potassium, calcium and magnesium antagonism in clones of Populus trichocarpa. Mohammadi J. Spatial variability of soil fertility, wheat yield and weed density in a one hectare field in Shahre Kord. Understanding farmers: explaining soil and water conservation in Konso, Wolaita, and Wollo, Ethiopia. 2015;4:19. 2002;4:83–92. Karltun E, Mamo T, Bekele T, Gameda S, Kidanu S. 2013. Analysis of the contents of these elements in leaf vacuoles and cytoplasm suggests that in the vacuoles the total contents of K+Ca+Mg are controlled to maintain ionic and osmotic balance. ) is the predicted value at location i, n is the sample size, and Y is the sample mean. We acknowledge Ethiopian Soil Information System (EthioSIS) at the Agricultural Transformation Agency (ATA) for financial support. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Marschner P. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Potassium magnesium sulphate, magnesium sulphate (epsom salt) and Kieserite are used to correct Mg deficiency in soils of normal pH range (6.5-7.5). This implies that soil exchangeable K values alone may not adequately indicate K availability in areas where soil exchangeable Mg concentration is relatively high enough to compete with exchangeable K and cause K deficiency. Hannan JM. The effectiveness of the interpolation was evaluated based on goodness of prediction estimate (G) (Eq. Prior to geostatistical analysis, three semivariogram models (spherical, Gaussian and exponential models) were tested to select the model that best fits to the data. The regulation of K+Mg+Ca supplied to the leaves seems to be regulated by the roots and is not simple competition of ions for uptake sites at the plasmalemma. Meanwhile, application of K as a commercial fertilizer in the country received little attention. Additionally, 19.4, 59.1, 12.4 and 9.1% of the samples in Sodo Zuria district qualified under low, optimum, high and very high exchangeable K level, respectively. However, some of Mg-containing fertilizers are given below: Data on K–Mg ratio of the interpolated map indicated values that varied from 0.14:1 to 1.48:1. Loide V, Noges M, Rebane J. Soil Test Level Very Low Soil Test Categories Soil Fertility Test Interpretation Phosphorus, Potassium, Magnesium, and Calcium Joseph R. Heckman, Ph.D., Extension Specialist in Soil Fertility Introduction A soil fertility test evaluates the nutrient-supplying power of a soil… At low K supply, the K deficit in the cytoplasm is not balance by accumulation of Ca and Mg, and it is suggested that other organic osmotica may accumulate. The soil exchangeable K across districts varied from 0.1 to 6.2 Cmol(+) kg−1 in which higher variability among samples was observed. 5) [31, 32]. p. 131–143. Similar to this, the study by Fanuel et al. Assessment of the agrochemical properties of the soil using the extraction solution Mehlich 3 in Estonia. Loide V. About the effect of the contents and ratios of soil’s available calcium, potassium and magnesium in liming of acid soils. Soil spatial variability analysis, fertility mapping and soil plant nutrient relations in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. This implies that K availability does not solely depend on the K content of soils, but also depends on the relative amounts of other cations (Ca, Mg and K). Magnesium Availability and Uptake. - 185.43.44.104. Acad Press, London. i Privacy Weindorf DC, Zhu Y. Spatial variability of soil properties at Capulin Volcano, New Mexico, USA: implications for sampling strategy. 2003. Mitigation of soil acidity and fertility decline challenges for sustainable livelihood improvement: Evidence from southern Region of Ethiopia. California Privacy Statement, The study area that covers about 84,000 hectare (ha) has a bimodal rainfall pattern with small rain in autumn (March–May) and major rain in summer (June–August) seasons. Terms and Conditions, Table 19. This might also be mainly attributed to inadequate soil management practices in the study areas, e.g., no K fertilizer application, inadequate and unbalanced fertilization (i.e., only N and P), and complete crop removal [15, 16]. (1989) cited in Loide [18, 36, 37]). Int J Agric Biol. The maps provided a visual representation of the distribution of the soil parameters. Submitted to Graduate School of Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate availability and spatial distribution of soil K in Nitisols of Wolaita area, southern Ethiopia, with particular regard to emphasis on assessing the potential for magnesium … Sift the soil and remove as many rocks as possible. $$\gamma (h) = \frac{1}{2n}\sum\limits_{n = 1}^{n} {[Z(X_{i} ) - Z(X_{i} + h)]^{2} }$$, $${\text{RMSSE}} = \sqrt {\frac{1}{n}\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n} {(\{ Z(X_{i} ) - \check{Z}(X_{i} )\} /\sigma (X_{i} ))^{2} } }$$, $${\text{MSE}} = \sqrt {\frac{1}{n}} \sum\limits_{n = 1}^{n} {\sigma^{2} (X_{i} )}$$, $${\text{RMSE}} = \sqrt {\frac{1}{n}\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n} {(Z(X_{i} ) - \check{Z}(X_{i} ))^{2} } }$$, $$G = 1 - \frac{{\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^{n} {(Z(X_{i} ) - \check{Z}(X_{i} )^{2} } }}{{\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^{n} {(Z(X_{i} ) - Y)^{2} } }} \times 100$$, https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2016.1166378, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-018-0165-5, visalatchi.irudhayanathan@springernature.com.
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