[36][37] For example: KI, acting as a source of iodide, may also act as a nucleophilic catalyst for the alkylation of alkyl chlorides, bromides, or mesylates. Thyroid iodine uptake blockade with potassium iodide is used in nuclear medicine scintigraphy and therapy with some radioiodinated compounds that are not targeted to the thyroid, such as iobenguane (MIBG), which is used to image or treat neural tissue tumors, or iodinated fibrinogen, which is used in fibrinogen scans to investigate clotting. Provided below is a list of the chemical formulas of some common chemical compounds … The term SSKI is also used, especially by pharmacists, to refer to a U.S.P. Neonates ideally should receive the lowest dose (16 mg) of KI. [citation needed], The potassium iodide in iodized salt is insufficient for this use. How will understanding of attitudes and predisposition enhance teaching? Noting that KI's effectiveness was "virtually complete" and finding that iodine in the form of KI was substantially superior to other forms including iodate (KIO3) in terms of safety, effectiveness, lack of side effects, and speed of onset, the FDA invited manufacturers to submit applications to produce and market KI. "[25], SSKI (i.e., the "saturated solution of KI" rather than tablets) may be used in radioiodine-contamination emergencies (i.e., nuclear accidents) to "block" the thyroid's uptake of radioiodine, at a dose of two drops of SSKI per day for an adult. [10] Potassium iodide is available as a generic medication and over the counter. In a small study on human subjects, who for each of their 90-day trial, ingested four 20 milligram tetraglycine hydroperiodide (TGHP) water tablets, with each tablet releasing 8 milligrams (ppm) of free titratable iodine;[29] it was found that the biological uptake of radioactive iodine in these human subjects dropped to, and remained at, a value of less than 2% the radioiodine uptake rate of that observed in control subjects who went fully exposed to radioiodine without treatment.[30]. This method of delivering potassium iodide does not require a method to weigh out the potassium iodide so it can be used in an emergency situation. US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Report on the Accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station, NUREG-1250. Potassium iodide is a chemical compound, medication, and dietary supplement. The measures were seen as precautions, and the Pentagon said no U.S. forces have shown signs of radiation poisoning. Potassium iodide is an inorganic chemical compound which is denoted by the chemical formula KI. Potassium iodide in its raw form is a mild irritant and should be handled with gloves. [9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. Potassium iodide is a component in the electrolyte of dye sensitised solar cells (DSSC) along with iodine. [4][5] As a supplement it is used in those who have low intake of iodine in the diet. Its melting point is 681 ̊C (1257.8 ̊F), boiling point 1330 ̊C (2426 ̊F), density 3.123 g/cm3. [2][3] As a medication it is used to treat hyperthyroidism, in radiation emergencies, and to protect the thyroid gland when certain types of radiopharmaceuticals are used. Unlike I2, I3− salts can be highly water-soluble. It may also be mixed into much larger volumes of juices. It is soluble in water. Within ten years of the accident, it became clear that thyroid damage caused by released radioactive iodine was virtually the only adverse health effect that could be measured. However, in the event of a radioiodine release too massive and widespread to be controlled by the limited stock of iodide and iodate prophylaxis drugs, then the addition of perchlorate ions to the water supply, or distribution of perchlorate tablets would serve as a cheap, efficacious, second line of defense against carcinogenic radioiodine bioaccumulation. Who is the longest reigning WWE Champion of all time? This is not the same as blocking the thyroid's release of thyroid hormone, for which the adult dose is different (and is actually higher by a factor of 7 or 8[citation needed]), and for which KI anti-radiation pills (not a common medical treatment form of KI) are not usually available in pharmacies, or normally used in hospitals, or by physicians. In the event of a radioiodine release the ingestion of prophylaxis potassium iodide, if available, or even iodate, would rightly take precedence over perchlorate administration, and would be the first line of defence in protecting the population from a radioiodine release. "[17], With the passage of time, people living in irradiated areas where KI was not available have developed thyroid cancer at epidemic levels, which is why the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reported "The data clearly demonstrate the risks of thyroid radiation... KI can be used [to] provide safe and effective protection against thyroid cancer caused by irradiation.
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