A guerrilla army may increase the cost of maintaining an occupation or a colonial presence above what the foreign power may wish to bear. Guerrilla Warfare: The Guerrilla warfare is the intermittent attacks imposed by the challenger to demoralize the competitor by adopting both the conventional and unconventional means of attack. On Guerrilla Warfare, by Mao Tse-tung, 1937, "Che Guevara: Revolutionary & Icon", by Trisha Ziff, Abrams Image, 2006, pg 73. It is also a type of irregular warfare: that is, it aims not simply to defeat an enemy, but to win popular support and political influence, to the enemy's cost. Their importance can be seen by the hard fighting sometimes engaged in by communist forces to protect these sites. The text has been banned in many countries, but remains in print and on bookshelves in several others, including the United States. They are extremely difficult to "defeat" because they cannot be brought to battle in significant numbers. Careful planning is required for operations, indicated here by VC preparation of the withdrawal route. Guerrilla warfare is used by the side which is supported by a majority but which possesses a much smaller number of arms for use in defense against oppression. Guerrilla tactics and strategy are summarized below and are discussed extensively in standard reference works such as Mao's "On Guerrilla Warfare."[4]. The terrain was desert and desert was sanctuary, and the guerrillas were “an influence, a thing invulnerable, intangible, without front or back, drifting about like a gas.” Demanding “perfect intelligence, so that plans could be made in complete certainty,” Lawrence “used the smallest force in the quickest time at the farthest place.” Mobility and surprise were everything. Collaborators and sympathizers will usually provide a steady flow of useful information. In Phase One, the guerrillas earn population's support by distributing propaganda and attacking the organs of government. Against a local regime, the guerrilla fighters may make governance impossible with terror strikes and sabotage, and even combination of forces to depose their local enemies in conventional battle. However, the same protocol states in Article 37.1.c that "the feigning of civilian, non-combatant status" shall constitute perfidy and is prohibited by the Geneva Conventions. Guerrilla warfare resembles rebellion, yet it is a different concept. However, some contemporary guerrilla warfare may not follow this template at all, and might encompass vicious ethnic strife, religious fervor, and numerous small, 'freelance' groups operating independently with little overarching structure. The widely distributed and influential work of Sir Robert Thompson, counter-insurgency expert of the Malayan Emergency, offers several such guidelines. Foreign support in the form of soldiers, weapons, sanctuary, or statements of sympathy for the guerrillas is not strictly necessary, but it can greatly increase the chances of an insurgent victory. But the attack is very useful in the long term to create brand reputation and gain customers. If the operation has been betrayed or compromised it is usually called off immediately. T. E. Lawrence, best known as "Lawrence of Arabia", introduced a theory of guerrilla warfare tactics in an article he wrote for the Encyclopædia Britannica published in 1938. For successful operations, surprise must be achieved by the guerrillas. THE BEGIN-SADAT CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES; BAR-ILAN UNIVERSITY. Why then do guerrilla leaders condone criminal terrorism? A primary consideration is to avoid dependence on fixed bases and depots which are comparatively easy for conventional units to locate and destroy. Ho and his able military commander Vo Nguyen Giap were disciples of Mao’s teachings, as was shown in their remarkably successful campaigns against the French and, later, against the U.S. and South Vietnamese armies. On Guerrilla Warfare, by Mao Zedong, 1937, Encyclopædia Britannica, "Warfare Conduct Of, Guerrilla Warfare", 1984 ed, p. 584). Guerrillas however have successfully operated in urban settings as demonstrated in places like Argentina and Northern Ireland. In this sense, "the people" become the guerrilla's supply base. Guerrilla marketing removes the warfare but uses the surprise or ambush elements to create a memorable marketing experience. Thompson's underlying assumption is that of a country minimally committed to the rule of law and better governance. Operatives will "case" or analyze a location or potential target in depth- cataloguing routes of entry and exit, building structures, the location of phones and communication lines, presence of security personnel and a myriad of other factors. [17] In the Philippines and Malaysia, communist terror strikes helped turn civilian opinion against the insurgents. That role varies greatly, as does the way it is carried out. In an effort to blend in with the local population guerrilla fighters rarely were uniforms or identifying insignia. Lawrence’s acceptance of this goal, combined with his linguistic ability, imagination, perception, and immense energy, helped him to establish and maintain unity of command. Planning for an operation may take weeks, months or even years, with a constant series of cancellations and restarts as the situation changes. [18] These can be quite elaborate, as in the tough VC/NVA fortified base camps and tunnel complexes encountered by US forces during the Vietnam War. This an excellent guerrilla marketing strategy which can be used by many businesses creatively. Based on their level of sophistication and organization, they can shift between all these modes as the situation demands. Polisario fighters, inadequately supported by Algeria and Libya, faced continuing stalemate in their war against Morocco over Western Sahara. While they might be forced into an unwanted battle by an enemy sweep, most of the time was spent in training, intelligence gathering, political and civic infiltration, propaganda indoctrination, construction of fortifications, or stocking supply caches. Meanwhile, Lawrence and the Arabs could ride camels into and out of the desert, attacking railroad lines and isolated outposts with impunity, avoiding the heavily garrisoned positions and cities. Some governments, however, give such considerations short shrift, and their co… The enemy retreats, we pursue. Guerrilla groups also use tactics of propaganda to recruit fighters and win the support of local populations. Public sources of information are also invaluable to the guerrilla, from the flight schedules of targeted airlines, to public announcements of visiting foreign dignitaries, to Army Field Manuals. As cruel as it was, the guerrilla portion of the Indochina wars must rank as one of the most successful in history. Guerrilla warfare is a type of asymmetric warfare: competition between opponents of unequal strength. In Phase Three, conventional warfare and fighting are used to seize cities, overthrow the government, and assume control of the country. Steven R. David (September 2002). In the modern era they continue with the operations of insurgent, revolutionary and terrorist groups. Elements of Thompson's moderate approach are adapted here:[20]. Some governments, however, give such considerations short shrift, and their counter-insurgency operations have involved mass murder, genocide, starvation and the massive spread of terror, torture and execution. Rural guerrillas prefer to operate in regions providing plenty of cover and concealment, especially heavily forested and mountainous areas. Most of the time, pool players take beers whenever they play. Basque guerrillas became unpopular in Spain because of their brutal assassinations. Guerrilla tactics are based on intelligence, ambush, deception, sabotage, and espionage, undermining an authority through long, low-intensity confrontation. The classical Maoist model requires a strong, unified guerrilla group and a clear objective. Guerrilla marketing is an advertisement strategy in which a company uses surprise and/or unconventional interactions in order to promote a product or service. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. This type of strategy is found in a firm which has the brains to innovate. Employment or enrollment as a student may be undertaken near the target zone, community organizations may be infiltrated, and even romantic relationships struck up as part of intelligence gathering.
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