Although it is normally preferable to control insect and mite activity by the manipulation of the seed environment, it is possible to effect some control of these organism chemically, i.e through the use of fumigants and contact insecticides. Purpose and significance of safe seed storage 1 The seed, a fragile, living organism 2 From harvest to sowing 4 Decline and death of seeds 5 Scope of publication 6 Seed factors that affect storage life 7 Genetic effects 7 Variation among species 7 Variation among cultivars 8 Generalizations 8 … Organic Turmeric Planting, Growing, Harvesting Techniques, Sugarcane Farming Project Report, Cost and Profit, Growing Shatavari, and Cultivation Practices, Economics, Rohu Fish Farming Project Report, Economics of Rohu, Kuroiler Chicken Breed Profile, and Characteristics, Garlic Cultivation Project Report, Crop Economics, Brahma Chicken Breed Profile, Characteristics, Cubalaya Chicken Breed Profile, Characteristics. Abiotic factors 2. Maintenance during seed storage 1. Moisture Content and Storage Life of Cereal Seeds at Temperatures not Exceeding 90 0 F for Seeds of High Germination and High Vigour at Start of Storage (Harrington and Douglas, 1970). 5. 4 0 obj Gas during storage . However, for storage in sealed containers, drying up to 5 to 8 per cent moisture content, depending upon the particular kind, may be necessary. �@��d)�y>� ��0p��'��[��|`���Ɖ�s����z�̵m!�Ԛ��-By����}��Đ��$>,;�p8[:pQ�������s��h�k}�+Ze��7���P�g���KC��"nyX��A���Hd�o;� Q����`l����Œ��;dP����)!��=�� �cJ=iv|J��S��~��V e2��s��ЃH�A� V���+�1�A�ޖ�$ Tz�= By�� More critical investigations are needed on the effect of fluctuating environmental conditions. The health status of seed also includes the deterioration status of seed which also expressed through low vigour status of seed. Effects of Fluctuating Environment Conditions on Viability: There have been a few reports to the effect that fluctuating conditions are harmful, however, at present there is not a priori reason to suppose that change in temperature, or moisture content , would in itself be deterious save, possibly , for very rapid changes in seed moisture content. endobj In sealed storage, seed moisture content determines the relative humidity of the environment in the containers. ��;[y0%Ec���9��$��j�]�����.t�}t�8��_�8�CMI��>N9���o�6�ظ�QtlTK���,�h��hU1l�m�cK�2Y�h��g3elR|��[�Y����=|(�������_��|O�SNf��V��561�(�������GΑF�����z���G'�h��|!���1�@�6��XI�G|Ќt�}��P��} 1}�tOQ@�蜀� F�����V�>ŋ^}�~������x�e�?3�%'�7e�� oMϥw��.��H J�M�#�K�m����+�>��l���- ns�+�u����w�Y��w�`I���z� �j@��g�2p���1�x\�� 2. Nevertheless, fumigants which have been used successfully include methyl bromide, hydrogen cyanide, phosphine, ethylene dichloride and carbon tetrachloride in 1 3:1 mixture, carbon disulphide and naphthalene. The mediocre quality seed may be retained only for the next plating seasons. This paper briefly discusses the different factors that affect seed viability and storage. It does not occur instantaneously. The important implication of this is that only high quality seed should be carried over. %���� ?ncZuS���L�((�K����o(�Mp��`��� ��h�Ga�u D��ս3 Seed placed in an environment with a relative humidity higher or lower than that with which its moisture content is in equilibrium , will gain or lose moisture until an equilibrium is established with the new environment . The little work carried out on the use of antioxidants shows that heat injury to kidney bean embryos was decreased in reduced oxygen pressures, and that the application of cysteine overcame the injury to some extent. Seed quality 3. <> Integrity of the protective seed coat 4. The amount of moisture in the seeds is probably the most important factor influencing seed viability during storage, over most of the moisture range, the rate of deterioration increases as the moisture content on seed storability. 1 0 obj Establishment of moisture equilibrium in seeds is a time dependent process. <>>> With regard to effect of temperature on the growth of the micro-flora, certain organisms can grow at temperatures as high as 80 0 C. Consequently , since high temperatures rapidly decreases seed viability , the only practical method of controlling micro-flora activity by temperature alone is by deep freezing. The seed lots having vigorous, undeteriorated seeds store longer than deteriorated lots. endobj © 2020 - Agriculture. The seed storability is considerably influenced by the kind / variety of seeds. Thus the maintenance of speed moisture content during storage is a function of relative humidity and to a lesser extent of temperature, at equilibrium moisture content, there is no net gain or loss in seed moisture content. The optimum temperatures for insect activity of more important storage insects ranges from 28 to 38 0 C. The temperatures below 17 to 22 0 C are considered unsafe for insect activity. Further, if seeds are kept at higher moisture contents than mentioned in table the losses could be very rapid due to mold growth on and in the seed (12 to 14 per cent moisture content), or due to heating (18 to 20 per cent moisture content). Temperature, nutrients and other environmental factors also affect seed development and influence seed quality. The low quality seed should invariably be rejected. Relative Humidity and Temperature During Storage: Relative humidity and temperature by far are the most important factors determining the storage life of seeds. Kind / variety of the Seed: Temperature also plays an important role in life of seed, although if does not appear to be a controlling one. Even in ideal storage conditions seed will soon lose viability if it is defective from the start. Relative Humidity and temperature are the most important factors determining the storage life of seeds. Within the normal range of biological activity of seeds, insect and moulds increases as temperature increases. 6. '��z?�0g�w��S���������Hav�=_�xo�A`tA��!�Br�z�ַ{c]����2�A��HBi�)��ϨR�EQ�1FqJ/��Ĩ�OLX%��Ir���l~ Z�9��@�5��(�8�M�V���]��A{���Q���6��L G��kؼρ�*�ۀ��&j��FۜT�"}��a�. High relative humidity Rodent , control measures include building the store so that the floor is 90 cm above ground level at the entrances ; having a 15 cm lip around the building at the 90 cm level of the floor; and providing a removable deck at the entrance for use only when seed is being loaded or unloaded. &ϧ�P������t����}��?� ����a������w�#T?�e���˕�o�)�~�t��������И ?��������j���mۀP�Y�V����w���,JG�)�4��q$�A���t����0�ͻ��1���{]ñz8��X! The higher moisture content of the seeds, the more they are adversely affected by both upper and lower ranges of temperature. Your email address will not be published. Seed quality depends upon the physical conditions that the mother plant is During storage, seed quality is affected by several factors like environmental conditions during seed production, pests, diseases, seed oil content, seed moisture content, mechanical damages of seed during processing, packaging materials, pesticides, air temperature and relative air humidity in storage 9,10,11,12. Birds can be a constant source of seed loss, if even small openings exist at the lanes, or between the roof tiles. endobj 3 0 obj 2 0 obj Moreover, within the normal range, biological activity of seeds, in sects and molds further increases as the temperature increases. The safe moisture content, however, depends upon storage length, type of storage structure, kind/verity of seed, type of packaging material used. However, normal diurnal fluctuation in relative humidity have little effect on moisture content. Decreasing temperature and seed moisture is an effective means of maintaining seed quality in storage. Provenance: It has already been stated that a number of factors, operating before and during harvest can affect seed viability. Good cold storage for seed should not exceed sixty percent in relative humidity. All Rights Reserved. It is suprising then that samples of seed obtained from different sources may show differences in viability behaviour.
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